Since the signing of the Dayton Peace Accords (1995), the EU has had a key supporting role in the stabilisation of BiH. The assistance programmes and the deployment of two ESDP (European Defence and Security Policy) missions, EUPM and EUFOR demonstrate the increasing commitment by the EU as BiH moves from stabilisation to closer EU integration.

EUPM, which followed on from the UN’s International Police Task Force (IPTF), is part of a broad effort undertaken by the EU and other actors, to address the whole range of rule of law aspects. In line with the general objectives of the Paris/Dayton Agreement, EUPM seeks to establish sustainable policing arrangements under BiH ownership in accordance with best European and international practice.

EUPM, the first mission launched under the ESDP, was launched on 1 January 2003 for an initial period of three years. Following an invitation by the BiH authorities, the EU decided to establish a follow-on police mission with a modified mandate and size. EUPM II lasted for two years (from 1 January 2006 until 31 December 2007). It monitored, advised and inspected BiH police forces according to three main pillars, i.e. support to the police reform process, strengthening of police accountability and support to the fight against organised crime. 

At the end of 2007 the EU Police Mission was extended for another two years (from 1 January 2008 to 31 December 2009). Within the next two years, the mission will continue its work with regard to the three same pillars, with particular emphasis on support to the fight against organised crime. EUPM will also devote particular attention to reinforcing cooperation between police and prosecutors.